Grouped by region to make them learnable. The starred cities in your revision should be the ones that are not the largest city, and the micro-state capitals nobody drills.
Western Europe
France — Paris. Germany — Berlin. Netherlands — Amsterdam (constitutional capital; government sits in The Hague). Belgium — Brussels. Luxembourg — Luxembourg City. Austria — Vienna. Switzerland — Bern (not Zürich or Geneva; the constitution calls it the "federal city"). Liechtenstein — Vaduz. Monaco — Monaco.
Northern Europe
United Kingdom — London. Ireland — Dublin. Iceland — Reykjavík (the northernmost capital of a sovereign state). Denmark — Copenhagen. Norway — Oslo. Sweden — Stockholm. Finland — Helsinki. Estonia — Tallinn. Latvia — Riga. Lithuania — Vilnius.
Southern Europe
Spain — Madrid (the highest capital in the EU, at about 650 m, and roughly in the geographic centre of the country). Portugal — Lisbon. Italy — Rome. Vatican City — Vatican City. San Marino — City of San Marino. Malta — Valletta. Greece — Athens. Cyprus — Nicosia (the last divided capital in Europe, split between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus). Andorra — Andorra la Vella (the highest capital in Europe, at about 1,020 m).
Central and Eastern Europe
Poland — Warsaw. Czechia — Prague. Slovakia — Bratislava (the only capital that borders two other countries — Austria and Hungary). Hungary — Budapest. Slovenia — Ljubljana. Croatia — Zagreb. Bosnia and Herzegovina — Sarajevo. Serbia — Belgrade. Montenegro — Podgorica. North Macedonia — Skopje. Albania — Tirana. Kosovo — Pristina. Bulgaria — Sofia. Romania — Bucharest. Moldova — Chișinău. Ukraine — Kyiv. Belarus — Minsk. Russia — Moscow.
Filter Guess the Capital to Europe and drill the list, then switch to Country from Capital for the harder reverse direction.
Quiz European capitals →The facts that come up
- Bratislava is the only national capital that borders two other countries (Austria and Hungary).
- Vatican City is a capital that is also an entire country.
- Reykjavík is the northernmost capital of a sovereign state; Nuuk (Greenland) is farther north but Greenland is not sovereign.
- Andorra la Vella is the highest capital in Europe; Madrid is the highest in the EU.
- Nicosia is Europe's only divided capital, split by the UN Buffer Zone.