Three equal horizontal bands. The Dutch flag (originally orange-white-blue, later red-white-blue) is the ancestor; it influenced the Russian tricolour and, through it, the whole Pan-Slavic family. Grouping by colour scheme is the way to learn them.
Pan-Slavic (red / white / blue in some order)
- Russia — white-blue-red.
- Netherlands — red-white-blue.
- Luxembourg — red-white-blue (lighter blue, longer flag).
- Slovakia and Slovenia — white-blue-red with a coat of arms toward the hoist.
- Serbia — red-blue-white with arms.
- Croatia — red-white-blue with a checkerboard shield.
Pan-Arab (red / white / black, usually with green)
- Yemen — plain red-white-black.
- Egypt — red-white-black with a golden eagle.
- Iraq — red-white-black with green script.
- Syria — red-white-black with two green stars.
- Sudan — red-white-black with a green triangle at the hoist.
Gran Colombia (yellow / blue / red)
- Colombia — yellow (double width), blue, red.
- Ecuador — yellow-blue-red with the coat of arms.
- Venezuela — yellow-blue-red with an arc of eight white stars.
German-influenced and other
- Germany — black-red-gold.
- Belgium is vertical, not here; Austria is red-white-red (two colours).
- Hungary — red-white-green.
- Bulgaria — white-green-red.
- Lithuania — yellow-green-red.
- Estonia — blue-black-white.
- Armenia — red-blue-orange.
- The Gambia — red-blue-green separated by thin white fimbriations.
- Sierra Leone — green-white-blue.
- India — saffron-white-green with the Ashoka Chakra.
- Bolivia — red-yellow-green.
- Ghana — red-gold-green with a black star.
- Lithuania, Bolivia, Ghana, Guinea (vertical), Mali (vertical) — the Pan-African horizontal set is Ethiopia, Ghana, Bolivia (not African but same colours), Guinea-Bissau (mixed).
Horizontal tricolours are three equal bands, so their colour proportions are near-identical thirds. The flag pie chart game forces you to reason from the exact hues instead.
Learn by colour proportion →